NISSAN LEAF BATTERY CARTRIDGES SWAPPING LITHIUM ELECTRIC VEHICLES EV'S HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS CARS

The Nissan Leaf came out in 2011/2012. It is the most popular electric car in the world with over 250,000 sold.

Early Nissan Leafs are over 6 years old, and many are still showing great battery health. There are early Nissan Leafs operating in England with over 150,000 miles. A well looked after vehicle with 100,000 miles on it will normally have only lost 5 or 10% of its capacity. And this is all on the old battery technology. Every new generation of EV brings with it new and improved battery packs.

For this reason we can safely say that EV batteries are not a disposable item, and will outlive a typical combustion engine car.

When we finally get to the time that cars need replacement a long way down the line there will be a rapidly growing aftermarket industry for replacement. We tend to believe that a 15 year old Nissan Leaf is more likely to have a bigger, better, and cheaper aftermarket battery than the standard Nissan battery when it comes time. We believe that a high mileage driver will put over 200,000 miles onto these batteries by the time they need replacement.

A battery leased EV such as most Renaults or the Nissan Leaf Flex is an arrangement by which you own the car but “rent” the batteries. This was a common arrangement at the early stages of EV adoption as owners were concerned about battery performance. As time has gone on, the technology has more than proved itself.

Now, a battery lease is mostly there to make the purchase of an EV affordable. The battery is in most cases the most expensive component in the vehicle, so by renting the battery, you can buy the vehicle for a significantly reduced cost.

Some owners may still choose the leased battery option as a means of maintaining a warranty against the battery. As the battery is owned by the leasing company, they are obliged to maintain the batteries capacity and fix it if it was to fail or degrade. Battery leases normally also include extras such as roadside breakdown cover.

UNIVERSAL ENERGY CARTRIDGE - It looks like a battery cartridge. It performs like a battery cartridge. It stores energy like a lithium battery cartridge, but it is a hydrogen fuel store and fuel cell cartridge combination. Where lithium and cobalt raw materials may limit the production numbers of EVs as green motoring becomes the norm, hydrogen in a safe format might offer unlimited possibilities to resolve range anxiety. The concept is compatible with SMARTNET FASTCHARGE service stations. NOTE: This is just a concept, not a product yet. More development is needed to before mass production could be entertained. Design Copyright and patent(s) pending February 2020, all rights reserved Bluebird Marine Systems Ltd.

TESLA S CARTRIDGE EXCHANGE - This concept is not a million miles away from SMARTNET, except that the underground method makes it expensive and complicated. This is a variation of the Better Place system. The point here is that with a bit of tweaking, FASTCHARGE can be made to work in practical terms.

CAT - Caterpillar

EXAMPLES OF EV RANGES - For most users, 100 miles range would allow the shopping run and visits to the folks and friends, without too much of a panic about range limitation. As soon as this range is exceeded, these cars become useless in terms of replacing petrol and diesel cars. What is needed is an infrastructure that replaces the convenience of fossil fuel servicing with the advantages of zero emissions and renewable energy, to create a truly sustainable society in United Nations' terms: SDG 7, 11 and 13.