ACIDIFICATION

SEAWATER ACIDIFICATION TURNS OCEANS INTO FISH DESERTS

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OCEAN DEGRADATION - The more acid our oceans, the more marine life diminishes to the point where oxygen creating phytoplankton may no longer produce this life sustaining gas. Ocean degradation includes plastic pollution. Another menace making the seas less life sustaining.

 

 

Acidification is such a serious problem that the United Nations has a Climate Convention to seek to combat the problem. They hold annual conferences involving something like 197 parties, known as COPs.

 

Why and how does ocean acidification happen and why is this important for humans?

 

About 30% of the carbon dioxide emitted in the atmosphere is absorbed by the global ocean. Once CO2 meets the H2O, we get: 1. carbonic acid H2CO3 and 2. free hydrogen ions H+. These free hydrogen ions H+ will bond with carbonate ions CO3(2-), which is bad, because carbonate ions are essential for the creation of calcium carbonate CaCO3. Calcium carbonate is an essential ingredient for calcium based structures such as shells and coral.

 

One cause of acid oceans is sulfurous oxides from ships that burn heavy fuel oil called bunker fuel.

 

 

 

 

Basically too many H+ in the ocean, an effect of CO2 emissions, is stealing all the CO3(2-), which is fundamental to the survival of many marine species.

 

Average pH of surface waters in 1850 vs its projected value in 2100 if current trends continue; CO2 emissions have increased ocean acidity by 26% since the beginning of the industrial revolution, by 2100 the acidity will have surged by 170%; as a result, many marine species will become extinct.

 

Around 70% (estimates vary from 50% to 85%) of the oxygen is produced by marine plants. Primarily by phytoplankton.

 

 

 

 

If ocean acidification continues, many species will suffer drastic consequences (some of them will inevitably become extinct), including phytoplanktons.

 

Their balance will be greatly disturbed, many phytoplankton species will migrate and maybe adapt to the new conditions, others will probably disappear. This will in turn reduce global oxygen levels and that is bad for every life form that breathes.

 

Phytoplankton population has dropped by 40% since 1950. Add that to the 8 million tons of plastics entering our oceans and we are in deep doodoo.

 

 

 

WE NEED TO CHANGE - We grow up thinking that our parents and grandparents know what they are doing. They may very well understand the risks they are taking, but on the whole, most people do not understand what is going on until they find out from sites like this and from teachers.

 

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CLIMATE CHANGE COP HISTORY

 

1995 COP 1, BERLIN, GERMANY
1996 COP 2, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
1997 COP 3, KYOTO, JAPAN
1998 COP 4, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
1999 COP 5, BONN, GERMANY
2000:COP 6, THE HAGUE, NETHERLANDS
2001 COP 7, MARRAKECH, MOROCCO
2002 COP 8, NEW DELHI, INDIA
2003 COP 9, MILAN, ITALY
2004 COP 10, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA
2005 COP 11/CMP 1, MONTREAL, CANADA
2006 COP 12/CMP 2, NAIROBI, KENYA
2007 COP 13/CMP 3, BALI, INDONESIA

2008 COP 14/CMP 4, POZNAN, POLAND
2009 COP 15/CMP 5, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
2010 COP 16/CMP 6, CANCUN, MEXICO
2011 COP 17/CMP 7, DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA
2012 COP 18/CMP 8, DOHA, QATAR
2013 COP 19/CMP 9, WARSAW, POLAND
2014 COP 20/CMP 10, LIMA, PERU
2015 COP 21/CMP 11, Paris, France
2016 COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1, Marrakech, Morocco
2017 COP 23/CMP 13/CMA 2, Bonn, Germany
2018 COP 24/CMP 14/CMA 3, Katowice, Poland
2019 COP 25/CMP 15/CMA 4, Santiago, Chile

2020 COP 26/CMP 16/CMA 5, to be announced

 

 

BIODIVERSITY COP HISTORY

 

COP 1: 1994 Nassau, Bahamas, Nov & Dec

COP 8: 2006 Curitiba, Brazil, 8 Mar

COP 2: 1995 Jakarta, Indonesia, Nov

COP 9: 2008 Bonn, Germany, May

COP 3: 1996 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Nov

COP 10: 2010 Nagoya, Japan, Oct

COP 4: 1998 Bratislava, Slovakia, May

COP 11: 2012 Hyderabad, India

EXCOP: 1999 Cartagena, Colombia, Feb

COP 12: 2014 Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, Oct

COP 5: 2000 Nairobi, Kenya, May

COP 13: 2016 Cancun, Mexico, 2 to 17 Dec

COP 6: 2002 The Hague, Netherlands, April

COP 14: 2018 Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17 to 29 Nov

COP 7: 2004 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Feb

COP 15: 2020 Kunming, Yunnan, China

 

 

DESERTIFICATION COP HISTORY

 

COP 1: Rome, Italy, 29 Sept to 10 Oct 1997

COP 9: Buenos Aires, Argentina, 21 Sept to 2 Oct 2009

COP 2: Dakar, Senegal, 30 Nov to 11 Dec 1998

COP 10: Changwon, South Korea, 10 to 20 Oct 2011

COP 3: Recife, Brazil, 15 to 26 Nov 1999

COP 11: Windhoek, Namibia, 16 to 27 Sept 2013

COP 4: Bonn, Germany, 11 to 22 Dec 2000

COP 12: Ankara, Turkey, 12 to 23 Oct 2015

COP 5: Geneva, Switzerland, 1 to 12 Oct 2001

COP 13: Ordos City, China, 6 to 16 Sept 2017

COP 6: Havana, Cuba, 25 August to 5 Sept 2003

COP 14: New Delhi, India, 2 to 13 Sept 2019

COP 7: Nairobi, Kenya, 17 to 28 Oct 2005

COP 15:  2020

COP 8: Madrid, Spain, 3 to 14 Sept 2007

COP 16:  2021

 

 

 

Antonio Gutteras UN Secretary General

 

CREATURES OF HABIT - The United Nations is an organization that is finding it hard to persuade kleptocratic members to change their dirty fossil fuel energy and habits that are sending clouds of greenhouse gases into the air at an alarming rate, causing acid oceans. The reason being that their more prominent members of the UN are the biggest users of fossil fuels, with so much invested in oil and gas production that they cannot give up this source of wealth creation. Their shareholders want their dividends no matter how much it hurts the planet. We don't need to be rich, we need to be safe.

 

 

OCEAN RELATED LINKS :-

 

4OCEAN - BRACELETS MADE OF RECYCLED PLASTIC

ACIDIFICATION - ACID OCEANS

AEPW - ALLIANCE TO END PLASTIC WASTE

AKZO NOBEL -

ALGALITA - MARINE RESEARCH & EDUCATION FOUNDATION, CHARLES MOORE

ALPLA - PLASTIC PRODUCTS

ARKEMA SA -

BASF -

BEACH CLEANING - OPERATIONS WORLDWIDE

BEACHES - TOP 100 COASTAL TOWN IN UNITED KINGDOM

BIODIVERSITY - CONVENTION - MOST AT RISK STUDY 2019

BOREALIS -

BOROUGE - ABU DHABI POLYMERS

BOYAN SLAT - THE OCEAN CLEANUP PROJECT, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020

BRASKEM SA -

CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT -

CIRCULAR ECONOMICS - FOR A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY

CHEVRON PHILLIPS -

CLEETHORPES - BEACH CLEAN JUNE 8 2019

CNCP - CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION

CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSIFICATION - COP1, COP2, COP3, COP4, COP5, COP6, COP7, COP8, COP9, COP10, COP11

                                                                                 - COP12, COP13, COP14, COP15

CORALS - PREFER TO EAT PLATIC

DOW CHEMICALS -

DUPONT -

ENI - ENTE  NAZIONALE INDROCABURI

EXXON MOBIL -

FOOD SECURITY -

FORMOSA PLASTIC CORPORATION -

FOUNDATION - ABOUT CLEANER OCEANS

G20 - GROUP OF TWENTY WEALTHIEST NATIONS

GLOBAL WARMING & CLIMATE CHANGE

HORIZON EUROPE - €100 BILLION RESEARCH & INNOVATION PROGRAMME

HOW DO WE CLEAN PLASTIC FROM OUR OCEANS ?

IMO - INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

INEOS GROUP AG - POLYMERS

JENNA JAMBECK

KCET - 6 REASONS FLOATING OCEAN BOOM HORRIBLE IDEA (DEBUNKER) JUNE 2015

KULO LUNA - GRAPHIC NOVEL

LANXESS POLYMERS -

LAURENT LEBRETON -

LG POLYMERS -

LYONDELL BASSELL -

MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT -

NAPHTHA

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC - YOUTUBE

NEWS - MEDIA ARTICLES ON OCEAN POLLUTION A TO Z

OCEAN VOYAGES INSTITUTE -

OCEANS - OCEAN A , OCEAN B

OWP - OCEAN WASTE PLASTIC

PETROLEUM - PETROCHEMICALS & CRUDE OIL

PLANET A - PLANET B

PLASTICS - TOP MANUFACTURERS

POLYONE CORPORATION -

PWM - POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT

RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED - PLAXX

RELIANCE INDUSTRIES -

REPSOL SA -

RISING SEA LEVELS -

RIVERS - INDEX A TO Z

             - TOP 12 MOST POLLUTED @ 2015

SABIC - SAUDI ARABIA BASIC INDUSTRIES

SASOL LIMITED -

SEABIN

SEA LITTER CRITTERS -

SEAS -

SEAVAX - OCEAN CLEANUP PROJECT OVERVIEW

              - FILTRATION SYSTEM

              - MICROFIBER RIVER CLEANING SYSTEM

              - PATENT

              - SOCIAL Vs COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISE

              - SPECIFICATIONS & COST

              - RIVER CLEANSING STRATEGY

SINOPEC -

SPACE - THE RACE

SUPERMARKETS & FAST FOOD CHAINS - INDEX

TEN 10 TOP TIPS FOR SAVING OUR OCEANS -

TOSOH -

TOTAL SA -

UNITED NATIONS - FOOD & AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION

                              - SDG14 MARINE CONSERVATION

                              - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

WASTE - MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT

WORLD OCEANS DAY -

 

 

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LINKS & REFERENCE

 

https://www.un.org/

 

 

 

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ACID OCEANS DESTROY CORAL AND OTHER MARINE ECOLOGY